一起液氯泄漏事故的分析及预防对策

针对国内近年来氯气泄漏、爆炸事故频发的现状,选择其中具有典型性的江西某厂氯气泄漏事故,运用因果分析方法对其事故原因进行系统分析,根据分析结果,以降低事故发生概率和严重度为目标,从管理角度提出预防对策.     

氯气泄漏后毒害区的估算及泄漏的处置

运用毒害区计算方法对本部贮存的氯气泄漏后扩散的半径进行估算,同时以扩散的半径作参考,提出氯气泄漏的处置方法.     

银川活动断层卫星遥感图像解译

采用对地表具有一定穿透能力的合成孔径雷达数据（ENVISAT ASAR）和光谱信息丰富的常规光学遥感数据（Landsat-7 ETM）作为主要数据源,综合了雷达遥感与光学遥感的成像优势,利用图像预处理、图像增强处理与多源遥感信息融合突出了银川研究区的活动断裂遥感影像特征。根据活动断层遥感解译标志,共解译出8条主要活动断层,分别为银川-平罗断裂、芦花台断裂、镇北堡断裂、黄河-灵武断裂、贺兰山东麓断裂带、黎家新庄-南泉子断裂、三关口断裂与青铜峡断裂,并对其影像特征与空间分布规律进行详细分析。银川活动断裂的解译分析为该地区的地震安全性评价与地震活动性分析奠定了基础。     

液氯泄露环境风险评价

文章以如东易昌化工有限公司为例,按照《建设项目环境风险评价导则》的要求,在对液氯的理化性质及危险性识别的基础上,分别进行了风险识别、伴生/次生危险性分析、源项分析等工作,确定了此次风险评价采用的相关标准,采用导则推荐的多烟团模式进行了事故发生后液氯泄露的环境风险预测和评价,得出了不利气象条件下的事故风险影响范围,求得了最大风险值,并从氯气瓶库及供氯站设置、生产过程等方面提出了相关的风险管理措施。     

细菌B1胞外活性物质对球形棕囊藻的溶藻机制初探

为探讨溶藻细菌B1对球形棕囊藻的溶藻作用机理及起作用的胞外活性物质的类别,研究了从珠海香洲码头赤潮海水中分离获得的溶藻细菌BI的无菌滤液对球形棕囊藻生长过程中的叶绿素a含量、丙二醛含量(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,并对溶藻细菌B1分泌的胞外活性物质进行了初步分析.当100 mL藻液中加入1 mL的无菌滤液,除藻率达到了83％.B1无菌滤液使藻中丙二醛的含量显著上升,48 h达到最大值153％,球形棕囊藻的SOD、CAT活性在处理开始后保持下降趋势,分别在96 h、48 h达到最低值27％、33％.研究表明B1无菌滤液(不大于1 mL)对棕囊藻的溶藻效果与加入的量成正比,且主要通过降低机体中保护酶的活性和加剧膜脂质过氧化的程度等来抑制球形棕囊藻的生长;细菌B1分泌的胞外活性物质中可能含有芳香醛类且包括载有磷基团的有机物,但不含蛋白质.     

Waste oyster shell as a kind of active filler to treat the combined wastewater at an estuary

Estuaries have been described as one of the most difficult environments on Earth. It is difficult to know how to treat the combined wastewater in tidal rivers at the estuary, where the situation is very different from ordinary fresh water rivers. Waste oyster shell was used as the active filler in this study in a bio-contact oxidation tank to treat the combined wastewater at the Fengtang Tidal River. With a middle-experimental scale of 360 ma/day, the average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, NH3-N, TP and TSS was 80.05%, 85.02%, 86.59%, 50.58% and 85.32%, respectively, in this bio-contact oxidation process. The living microbes in the biofilms on the waste oyster shell in this bio-contact oxidation tank, which were mainly composed of zoogloea, protozoa and micro-metazoa species, revealed that waste oyster shell as the filler was suitable material for combined wastewater degradation. This treatment method using waste oyster shell as active filler was then applied in a mangrove demonstration area for water quality improvement near the experiment area, with a treatment volume of 5 × 10^3 m^3/day. Another project was also successfully applied in a constructed wetland, with a wastewater treatment volume of 1 ×10^3 m^3/day. This technology is therefore feasible and can easily be applied on a larger scale,     

Review and future of active disassembly

Disassembly has been widely accepted as a disadvantageous end-of-life activity, but with increasing pressures from directives, such as waste on electrical and electronic equipment, and with increasing pressures to become sustainable disassembly is becoming necessary. Current disassembly methods, including both manual and automated disassembly, need improvements to meet this necessity. This paper will introduce the improvements needed and suggest through literature the validity of active disassembly (AD) to provide these improvements. Past and current research will also be considered to provide a future path for AD. This future path for AD will consider a collaborative effort to solve problems with materials, environmental triggers and costs seen with AD.     

降解丙烯酰胺的活性污泥培养及驯化研究

采用阶梯式驯化法，控制温度在18℃～24℃，pH在6—8，溶解氧在4—8mg／L，在容积为6L的驯化器中对活性污泥进行培养驯化。经过25d的培养之后，得到了稳定降解丙烯酰胺的活性污泥。驯化后的活性污泥SVI为85—132，COD去除率达70％。     

氯消毒新工艺对大肠杆菌灭活作用的研究

研究了短时游离氯后转氯胺的联合消毒方法对大肠杆菌的灭活作用，并对其协同作用以及pH值和温度对协同作用的影响进行了探讨。结果表明：pH值在6．5～8范围内，温度不超过30℃时，短时游离氯后转氯胺的消毒方法对大肠杆菌的灭活具有协同作用，且随pH值的降低而加强，在低温下该方法的协同效果更加明显。     

气体二氧化氯对葡萄表面细菌杀菌规律研究

研究气体二氧化氯杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、李斯特单增菌和腐生酵母菌4种葡萄表面的危险致病菌的杀菌规律。在实验范围内,随着气体二氧化氯浓度的增加和杀菌时间的延长,杀菌效果明显增加。当杀菌时间超过12min,杀菌量级几乎不再增加。杀菌效率随温度的增加而减小,在实验温度条件下,只有大肠杆菌的杀菌效果减少了5.38～6.09log量级,其他3种菌均减少了6log量级以上,杀菌作用温度在实验条件下对杀菌效果影响不大。研究表明,当气体二氧化氯的杀菌浓度为25mgl-1、杀菌时间12min、杀菌温度25℃的条件下,金黄色葡萄球菌、李斯特单增菌和腐生酵母菌均减少了6.4log量级以上,而大肠杆菌达到5.76log量级;同时表明二氧化氯气体的杀菌保鲜功能也是食品安全技术非热杀菌手段。